Evolution

 Artificial intelligence, which originated from Alan Turing’s 1950 question of whether machines can think, seeks to replicate human intelligence in computational systems. Although its definition varies, it focuses on agents that receive perceptions and take actions to achieve goals. Approaches such as human and rational thought, as well as human and rational action, have shaped the field. Patrick Winston describes it as algorithms triggered by constraints and exposed by representations that link thought, perception and action. Others see it as machines that respond to stimuli like humans, with the capacity for contemplation, judgment and intention. These definitions establish artificial intelligence as a computer science discipline, with applications such as Machine Learning and Deep Learning.
Artificial intelligence is divided into two main categories: specialized AI, which focuses on specific tasks such as image recognition or virtual assistants, and general AI, which does not yet exist but would be comparable to human intelligence, capable of solving any type of problem. Although specialized AI is present in our lives, the creation of general AI remains a challenge for researchers due to its complexity and current technological limits.
The history of artificial intelligence dates back to 1943, when the first mathematical neural network model was proposed. Over the years, significant milestones have been reached, such as the creation of the Turing Test in 1950 and the Dartmouth conference in 1956, considered the official start of modern AI. However, there were periods of skepticism, such as the "first AI winter" in the 1970s, followed by the "second winter" in the 1980s. Despite this, breakthroughs such as Deep Blue's victory over Kasparov in 1997 and the emergence of Deep Learning in the 2010s have revitalized the field. Today, AI is used in a variety of applications and continues to move toward the possibility of achieving general artificial intelligence.
Artificial intelligence presents both promise and significant risks. Leading experts such as Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk and Bill Gates have warned of the danger of AI overtaking human intelligence and turning against its creators. Governments have been called upon to regulate AI development to ensure its safety and ethics. However, other experts point out that malicious use of AI, such as "DeepFakes," is already a reality. The future of AI depends on the ethical decisions and precautions that humans make.